What causes an Eating Disorder?

Biological Factors Causing an Eating Disorder

According to experts, genetic factors may account for over 50% of the risk of developing anorexia nervosa. However research is still being conducted into the links of genetics and bulimia and binge eating disorder.

A person's temperament particularly to food is thought to be genetically determined at least in part. People with certain personality types such as obsessive compulsive and those that are sensitive-avoidant are found to be more prone to eating disorders.

Research has also indicated that certain genetic factors can predispose individuals to perfectionism, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive behaviours and thoughts. These people also tend to develop specific types of eating disorders.

Research has shown that people who have a mother and/or a sister with anorexia nervosa are 12 times more likely to develop the disorder themselves compared to those who have no family history. They are also 4 times more likely to develop bulimia nervosa.

Once a person starves stuffs or purges themselves, their behaviour alters the chemistry in the brain, producing a sense of peace and euphoria, whilst temporarily suspending any dealings and anxiety and depression. Some doctors and nutritionists believe that eating disorder sufferers use food for medicinal purposes to stop any feelings that are painful or distressing.

Psychological Factors

Those who develop an eating disorder tend to be perfectionists, having unrealistic expectations of themselves and others around them. Although they often achieve the tasks they set themselves, they still feel inadequate and often defective. They also tend to view the world as black and white – meaning that everything is either good or bad – people have either won or failed – they are either fat or slim. They believe that being as thin as possible, even though that might mean in hospital fighting for their life is the best thing possible.

Many people use an eating disorder to take control of their lives and themselves. Although they appear strong and look as though they winning their battles with food, inside they feel weak, victimised, defeated and resentful.

Those with eating disorders tend not to have a sense of identity and attempt to mould themselves into a socially approved product.

Family

Those families who have a member with an eating disorder tend to be overprotective. Parents who place too much value on appearance can unconsciously cause an eating disorder especially those who criticise their children’s bodies – even light heartedly.

Rigidness and an inability to resolve conflict are often found in those families which include a member suffering from an eating disorder. There are often too high expectations for achievement and success making children unable to discuss any anxieties, fears, doubts and imperfections. Consequently, problem solving is performed by manipulating food and weight and appearance.

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All articles on this site are for information only and should not be treated as medical advice.
If you experience any symptoms, consult a medical professional.